NEW YORK — Think you're smarter than a fifth-grader? How about a 5-year-old chimp? Japanese researchers pitted young chimps against human adults in tests of short-term memory, and overall, the chimps won.
That challenges the belief of many people, including many scientists, that "humans are superior to chimpanzees in all cognitive functions," said researcher Tetsuro Matsuzawa of Kyoto University.
"No one can imagine that chimpanzees — young chimpanzees at the age of 5 — have a better performance in a memory task than humans," he said in a statement.
Matsuzawa, a pioneer in studying the mental abilities of chimps, said even he was surprised. He and colleague Sana Inoue report the results in Tuesday's issue of the journal Current Biology.
One memory test included three 5-year-old chimps who'd been taught the order of Arabic numerals 1 through 9, and a dozen human volunteers.
They saw nine numbers displayed on a computer screen. When they touched the first number, the other eight turned into white squares. The test was to touch all these squares in the order of the numbers that used to be there.
Results showed that the chimps, while no more accurate than the people, could do this faster.
One chimp, Ayumu, did the best. Researchers included him and nine college students in a second test.
This time, five numbers flashed on the screen only briefly before they were replaced by white squares. The challenge, again, was to touch these squares in the proper sequence.
When the numbers were displayed for about seven-tenths of a second, Ayumu and the college students were both able to do this correctly about 80 percent of the time.
But when the numbers were displayed for just four-tenths or two-tenths of a second, the chimp was the champ. The briefer of those times is too short to allow a look around the screen, and in those tests Ayumu still scored about 80 percent, while humans plunged to 40 percent.
That indicates Ayumu was better at taking in the whole pattern of numbers at a glance, the researchers wrote.
"It's amazing what this chimpanzee is able to do," said Elizabeth Lonsdorf, director of the Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. The center studies the mental abilities of apes, but Lonsdorf didn't participate in the new study.
She admired Ayumu's performance when the numbers flashed only briefly on the screen.
"I just watched the video of that and I can tell you right now, there's no way I can do it," she said. "It's unbelievable. I can't even get the first two (squares)."
What's going on here? Even with six months of training, three students failed to catch up to the three young chimps, Matsuzawa said in an e-mail.
He thinks two factors gave his chimps the edge. For one thing, he believes human ancestors gave up much of this skill over evolutionary time to make room in the brain for gaining language abilities.
The other factor is the youth of Ayumu and his peers. The memory for images that's needed for the tests resembles a skill found in children, but which dissipates with age. In fact, the young chimps performed better than older chimps in the new study. (Ayumu's mom did even worse than the college students).
So the next logical step, Lonsdorf said, is to fix up Ayumu with some real competition on these tests: little kids.
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On the Net:
Current Biology: http://www.current-biology.com
Chimp research at Kyoto University: http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ai/index-E.htm
Kyoto University video: http://tinyurl.com/2kwst6
I think that, like savants, chimps use specific brain functions that humans have allowed to apathy in some areas, but have enhanced in others. Have one build a House and see who's better. They are only one gene away from us after all.
When they say that chimps and humans are 98% genetically identical we have to keep in mind that we have 20,000 genes in our genome, not including the huge numbers of regulatory sequences in between that determine just how those genes are used. All in all, we've got over 35 million GACT bases that differ from chimps.
It's not just a matter of us not using the "chimp" part of our brain or the chimps not using their "human" brain, were are completely different species with fundamentally different developmental capabilities.
Gee, ya think? Thanks for the lesson in common knowledge. And your responses to the main context of my post is....?
Gee, if it's such common knowledge then why did your post, which he responded to, not give the slightest hint that we ARE in fact very different genetically. You said we are only 1 gene away which isn't even close to a true statement.
All this article proves is the point I have been making since age 16. You don't need to be smart to go to college. And in fact most colleges are big jokes. Community colleges for instance don't have professors, in my experience, that are capable of working in the industries they are teaching. I dropped out of school to start college 2 years early and after teaching my professors more then they taught me I skipped out and went to work. Now I make 6 figures and a girl I went to school with who got her degree is an administrative assistant. In the end a piece of paper is worthless compared to practical knowledge and experience in any given industry. It makes sense to me that if you test a chimp against a student you find the monkey sitting in wrong chair.
I think what btrevor is saying is, we're more than just one gene away.
Sorry I meant one chromosome, and yes, that's my mistake. That I felt I was spoken to condescendingly is another one.
Collin wrote:
All this article proves is the point I have been making since age 16. You don't need to be smart to go to college.
Did you even read the article before jumping at the chance to go on your "college people are stupid, I dropped out and make 6 figures" rant?
I mean it's obvious from your post, that you think you could do better than these college students, (who couldn't match the chimp even after six months training). Which means you think you can memorize (with 80% accuracy) a sequence of 9 numbers that are only displayed for two-tenths of a second.
As the director of the center remarked: "I just watched the video of that and I can tell you right now, there's no way I can do it," she said. "It's unbelievable. I can't even get the first two (squares)."
The fact is, this shows us something pretty remarkable about chimps, not something pretty stupid about college students, so kindly get off your soapbox.
(Just to clarify, I don't particularly disagree with your remarks about colleges, but trying to use this study as "proof" of the poor quality of colleges is just asinine)
He mighta been being funny, Morwynd.
Sure doesn't look like it to me. Perhaps you can explain your interpretation?
Actually... it is not 1 gene, we share 98% of our DNA with them
Hello BMS, Hello, I know you can read, because some times you write things. Read my subsequent post I said I made a mistake and meant to say chromosome. Chimps have 44, Humans have 43, I think. But I know they have one more. We actually have one that fused through evolutionary time, that's why we have one less. Very cool.
Yes. I wrote with out reading the thread. Yes, I know about the fusion which was discovered by noticing one gene has 3 telomeres
I just don't think it is a fair test.
When the 5 year old chimp has to keep PIN numbers, passwords, kids' soccer practice schedules, grocery lists, phone numbers and reminders to pick up prescriptions and dry-cleaning in its head, THEN it is a fair test.
I think your just upset thst your not as smart as a chimp
Says you.
I did once get together with a million of my friends and randomly pound out the combined works of Shakespeare on manual typewriters.
When the 5 year old chimp has to keep PIN numbers, passwords, kids' soccer practice schedules, grocery lists, phone numbers and reminders to pick up prescriptions and dry-cleaning in its head, THEN it is a fair test.
Technically those are all long term memories and shouldn't take away from your ability to remember items in the short term.
Oh sure, take away my only excuse.
Short term memory is affected by many things. Rest, Stress, nutrition, etc.
I guarantee that those chimps are better rested, under less stress and have better nutrition than all those students.
Are you smarter then a fifth grader and now this. Suddenly no child left behind is becoming a reality in every aspect of the word but now the verbiage should be changed to no adults left left behind as well.
Then again it won't matter, it guess when one arrives at adulthood brain matter dissipates with age according to the study. Maybe apart of the cause is due to excessive partying while in college, I always wondered why it's been so hard for me to remember things after I graduated.
This is a new revelation and a warning to all college students to monkeying around.
(* humor *) Well, of course he has better memory, it's not cluttered up with login IDs, credit card numbers and phone numbers.
Idiocracy the movie coming true.
Jolly good. We should start a chimp breeding program, maybe ten thousand years from now we can coax some vocal chords out of them, and then they can tell us how they do it.
--shakes head slowly--
Did we learn nothing from "Planet of the Apes"?
They already have shown a high aptitude for language in the form of sign language.
Indeed, thus it would be wise to breed them for vocal chords, because most people don't speak sign language. I speak only a little myself.
How do you say, Prove it, in American Sign language? Come on, I'll wait....
I know the alphabet, except for q x and z. I take care of a deaf fellow. He does a few signs a little weird.
So I can spell prove it.
We're basically just chimps with credit cards anyway.
Did anyone else expect a story about a monkey attacking college students?
Yes, I figured some drunk frat guys were teasing the chimp, and he attacked them. This was kind of a letdown ;)
That was fun flipping between pic 1 & 2...hey newsvine...support animated gifs maybe...
It was fun, for 3 seconds.
I'm easily amused for about 3.5
Loved Partisan Hack's funny line --
Anyway, I wanted to say that I am not sure the researchers are really testing an aspect of intelligence. I think that they are testing a special sense known as eidetic memory, commonly know as "photographic memory.' Usually young children are very good at this, and this skill dissipates with adulthood. So I would like to see these young chimps tested against young human children, and then we will see who wins the cookies.
The educational site Serendip has a Bryn Mawr student paper on the topic here -- it is a very puzzling and fascinating topic of study.
AbabaSoft has some games intended to develop this eidetic memory skill -- here.
All very interesting.
Oh I get it...He's going from 1 to 2. Wait...
*SHOCK* *Drool*
Anyway, I wanted to say that I am not sure the researchers are really testing an aspect of intelligence
I completely agree. I am actually surprised at how defensive a lot of people are getting. It seems like primarily a test of visual processing speed, which is more along the lines of reaction speed.
Anyone want to go heads up against a puma in the slap game?
Still, the ability of these chimps is very interesting. It would be interesting to see a comparison of short-term memory capacity. George Miller found that we have the capacity for 7 bits of information (plus or minus 2) in our short-term memory, ie. a seven digit phone number. But even this is hardly any indication of intelligence.
Short term memory? College students?
I think the only thing proven here is that the chimps could pass a drug test...
I think that this study is interesting on a biological level...say that the study was flawless as studies go, what then about a chimps brain makes it more efficient at short term memory than a grown adults? What value does short term memory have in human life? The answer to that may explain the evolutionary difference. (if you believe that sort of thing)
I think that it may be short-term memory, it may be pattern perception -- but the key thing is that this is VERY important for any wild animal to be able to take a quick look at ones surroundings and identify anything that may pose a threat! Like a lurking leopard that is looking for a meal. Such as you. Ulp.
My guess is it has more to do with patern recognition then memory.
The students know that numbers are being shown so they try to look at the "data" - the sequence of numbers. The chimps are looking at "things" on the screen and they see it as a picture.
In other words, we look too close - we can't see the forest for the trees. And we know what the "trees" are and what they mean.
I'd also like to see the results of 5-year olds vs. 5-year olds.
After looking over a condensed version of the experiment's procedure, I have to say I agree Kevin.
I have kept wild mammals and birds for most of my life. Believe me they think we humans are stupid!
When I see humans walking after dogs with pooper scoopers I think they are right.
You too can test your short term memory -- courtesy of Washington.edu.
Go to http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stm0.html -- here is link --
The test will have you punch in as many letters as you can remember after seeing them only a short time. (3 seconds) Good luck!
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