HOUSTON — As giant oil companies like Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips get set to report what will probably be another round of eye-popping quarterly profits, just where is all that money going?
The companies insist they're trying to find new oil that might help bring down gas prices, but the money they spend on exploration is nothing compared with what they spend on stock buybacks and dividends.
It's good news for shareholders, including mutual funds and retirement plans for millions of Americans, but no help to drivers already making drastic cutbacks to offset the high cost of fuel.
The five biggest international oil companies plowed about 55 percent of the cash they made from their businesses into stock buybacks and dividends last year, up from 30 percent in 2000 and just 1 percent in 1993, according to Rice University's James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy.
The percentage they spend to find new deposits of fossil fuels has remained flat for years, in the mid-single digits.
The issue has become more sensitive as lawmakers and Americans frustrated by high gas prices have balked at gaudy reports of oil industry profits. ConocoPhillips is scheduled to kick off the latest round of Big Oil earnings reports Wednesday.
Oil prices are set on the open market, not by the oil industry. But that hasn't stopped public protests, a series of congressional grillings for top oil executives, and a failed attempt by lawmakers to slap Big Oil with a windfall profits tax.
In the first three months of this year, Exxon Mobil Corp., the world's biggest publicly traded oil company, shelled out $8.8 billion on stock buybacks alone, compared with $5.5 billion on exploration and other capital projects.
ConocoPhillips has already told investors that its stock buybacks for April to June of this year will come to about $2.5 billion — nine times what it spent on exploration.
Stock buybacks are common throughout corporate America, not just for Big Oil. They shrink the amount of stock on the open market, essentially increasing its value and giving individual shareholders a bigger stake in the company.
But some critics say Big Oil focuses too much on boosting stock prices, in an industry that sometimes ties executive pay to stock price.
And in focusing on buybacks and dividends over exploring for new oil, some critics say, oil companies jeopardize its already dwindling share of world supply.
"If you're not spending your money finding and developing new oil, then there's no new oil," said Amy Myers Jaffe, an energy expert at Rice University who's studied spending patterns of the major oil companies.
Investor-owned companies like Exxon Mobil and Chevron hold less than 10 percent of global oil and gas reserves, way down from past decades. And finding new oil has become harder and more expensive.
State-run oil companies, like those in Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, control about 80 percent of oil reserves — and at today's prices, it's not surprising they're keeping a tight grip on what they have. Scarce equipment and hard-to-find labor also pose problems.
No one questions that Big Oil is rolling in cash. The cash the biggest oil companies bring in from running their businesses, or operating cash flow, is four times what it was in the early 1990s.
"It becomes a management decision," said Howard Silverblatt, a senior index analyst at Standard & Poor's. "It's not like they're going to the board and saying, 'Well, I can do one or the other or the other.' The balance sheets are flush with cash."
So what's Big Oil to do?
The companies say they are doing what they can to find more fossil fuels around the world, but the easy oil is gone. Exploring these days may mean expensive projects in thousands of feet of water in the Gulf of Mexico or costly ventures pulling petroleum from Canada's vast oil-sands deposits.
TransCanada Corp. and ConocoPhillips Co. just said they'd spend $7 billion to nearly double the amount of crude flowing through a pipeline from Canada's tar sands to the U.S. Gulf Coast.
And analysts point out that because there's no guarantee oil prices will stay in the stratosphere, oil companies should approach exploration projects with caution.
"There's only so much money you can throw at it without being ridiculous," said Joseph Stanislaw, a senior adviser to Deloitte LLP's Energy & Resources practice. "I think they're doing what they can."
It's also important to remember it can take several years before a company produces the first barrel of oil from a new field.
One example is an oil field in the Gulf of Mexico called Thunder Horse. Operated by BP and partly owned by Exxon Mobil, the platform only last month began producing oil and gas — nine years after the field's discovery.
At its peak, the multibillion-dollar project is designed to produce 250,000 barrels of oil and 200 million cubic feet of natural gas each day, which would make it the Gulf's largest producer.
"When you look at the spending that's going on, the companies are bringing on a lot of long-term discoveries," said John Parry, a senior analyst with John S. Herold Inc.
At ConocoPhillips, the capital spending budget for 2008, which includes exploration and production, is $15.3 billion, more than double the spending of five years ago.
"Could we spend $20 billion or $25 billion? Absolutely," spokesman Gary Russell said. "Could we do it effectively, in a way that provides ultimate value to our shareholders? Probably not."
Exxon Mobil, known for its disciplined approach to investing in energy projects, has drawn criticism for its reluctance to invest in alternative energy sources like wind and solar power.
The company expects to spent $25 billion to $30 billion on capital and exploration projects each of the next five years. Last year, it spent about $32 billion on share buybacks.
"You fund your investments that make sense," said spokesman Alan Jeffers. "You have criteria, and you have to meet that to be a good investment for the shareholder. And then if you've got cash that's left over, you're going to return it to the shareholder because it's theirs."
Exxon Mobil often touts its $100 million contribution to Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project. By contrast, BP says it plans to spend $8 billion over the next decade developing alternative energy using wind, hydrogen and other means.
Big Oil isn't alone buying back large amounts of stock, but the companies are certainly some of the biggest indulgers.
A boom in stock buybacks has been under way in corporate America since 2004. In the first quarter of this year, Exxon, ConocoPhillips and Chevron were all among the top 10 companies for share buybacks in the S&P 500.
In Washington, one Democratic proposal would impose a 25 percent tax on "unreasonable" profits of the top five oil companies, which together made more than $120 billion in 2007, and put the money toward a trust fund for investment in alternative energy sources. Republicans say it's a gimmick that won't help at the pump and will discourage domestic oil production.
But Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., said the fervor for stock buybacks is a clear sign Big Oil isn't interested in new production or alternative energy.
"When you hear that," he said, "it screams out for a windfall profits tax."
There is one main problem with that concept! Those same oil companies are lobby congress for billions of dollars of your tax dollars for research and development and the Republican held congress at the time gave it to them. Tax dollars that could have went to renewable energy sources, to bridges and roads, healthcare, education and etc.. It could have went anywhere but to companies, who made billions in profits! This isn't capitalism, it is extortion! Most companies reinvest their profits to upgrade and update their equipment and facilities! The oil companies haven't done this with the refinerys. They got Bush to give them your taxes to do it as the give their stockholders the money you pay them at the pump! That isn't right and just for clearification I am not an liberal!
Maybe a refinery hasn't been built in over 35 years because E.P.A. mandates are ever increasing and very costly?
May I have some of my tax dollars back that you're talking about? I'm a Christian and a Traditionalist who loves capitalism and small government.
I really don't care what you are especially your religion, that is your business! Your the one, who classified me as a Liberial. As in being smart, a refinery will start up in August in Louisianna. The President of Marathon Oil and the King of Saudia Arabia have stated that the price of oil is anywhere from $60 to $70 a barrell higher than it should be because of speculators.
I don't care if you care about my religion and I didn't say you where a Lib. Nor do I care. As to the refinery, I was speaking about the past 35 years and its about time. Thanks for the good news. I didn't know. I know you don't care, but I liked your posts. Not sure about your demeanor?
NPR? O.K.? NPR leans hard left sir. Not much better than AirAmerica. Well, it is supported by tax dollars that could go to giving us tax breaks on hybrids, no? Maybe?
Why is everyone assuming that large oil companies would choose to invest their profits in refineries that could possibly lower the price of gasoline to the retail customer? That is not a capitalistic "free market" profit maximizing strategy.
In 1981 there were 314 refineries. We currently have 149 working at full capacity. Large oil cos. have been buying up smaller independent refineries and closing them. It seems to me they have definitely decided that using their market power and artificially creating higher prices is the way to maximize profits. They will spend billions for the rights for drilling sites but won't put a dime in to fight the environmentalists in order to build new refineries.
I wonder just how much money oil company lobbyists spend attempting to pass bills that would allow lower restrictions on oil refinery permits? Probably not much.
Republicans in Congress blocked the "Use It or Lose It" legislation, requiring oil producers to drill on the current leases they have or relinquish them. Why? There are no proven reserves in ANWR so it's not like they would have an advantage adding this land.
Chuck,
You are right about the numbers of oil refineries in the USA. But wrong about the reasons they were closed. The main reason for the consolidation was the EPA and their changing restrictions. The other has been the NIMBY people that kept them from enlarging or modernizing to produce more product.
There is economy in size and lowering the number of people required to operate. Also presently there are few places that can import crude into the USA. I know because my daughter-in-law is a engineer working in Huston, TX.
Aside from the fact that it's America's favorite whippin' boys reaping these so called "windfall profits", what is it exactly that differentiates "big oil" from any other "American" corporate entity that's been head long in the rush over the past twenty or so years to globalize our economy, i.e. sell the American economy and, subsequently it's working class, down the river in the hopeful pursuit of unrealistic and unsustainable returns?
Very nicely said Sir.
I like everyone @!$%#ing about huge profits. In 1970's the average service station made 5% profit and today is about the same. The average retailer makes 15-20%, fast food makes 10-15%, and stock market averages 5%. So much for huge profits.
Exxon Mobil (XOM) stock has gone from $32.72 Aug98 to $82.07 on 7-30-07 to 81.70 today. Oh yea XOM primary profit comes from the refining of product and royalties on pattens, not oil from wells in the USA.
First of all, as a small business owner, following the laws as I do, I would resent the heck out of anyone telling me that I couldn't make as much money as the free market allows. The opposite of windfall profits is catastrophic losses. Who's going to come to the rescue of these same oil companies if they lose money because a foreign government nationalizes their infrastructure and takes away their investments LIKE VENEZUELA JUST DID to one big oil company's holdings? Who's going to pay for the rebuilding of pipelines damaged in a huge earthquake or volcanic event? Better yet, who's going to come to their rescue if the nation's banks really do fail and we go into a huge depression? Is Charles Schumer going to go to bat for the oil companies if they suffer a catastrophic loss? I don't think so. Where do all of you think these companies get the money they need to reinvest? Last time I checked, the reason to be in business was to make money. Stop acting like socialists and think more like capitalists. These big corporations have stockholders that they have to answer to and laws that they have to abide by. Congress has no business usurping the profits of any corporation. What the heck is this country coming to? Are we a democratic capitalist free market society or are we socialists heading towards communism? I like my freedom. I can choose to spend money on gasoline and drive my car wherever I need to go, or I can stay home and save money and gas. It's my choice. I like that about this country. I paid $1.37 a gallon for gasoline in 1980 when I lived in Germany. I paid 37.5 cents a gallon for gas when I was in high school when the minimum wage was only about $1.75 an hour. Now we have a minimum wage of around $7 an hour and gas is about $4 a gallon. Not much difference if you look at the buying power of the wages. In fact, gasoline hasn't kept up with the cost of most everything else. We're just a bunch of spoiled consumers who have been "advertised" into believing that the oil companies are the worst organizations on the face of the planet. I would say that the drug companies and their ownership insurance corporations are a bigger threat to all of us. How many commercials do you see on television telling you to pop a pill to heal this pain, cure this problem, decrease your size in the waist, increase your size elsewhere, etc? The television and the pharmaceutical companies are the biggest windfall profits organizations of all and they are also the biggest drug pushers, only they are pushing their wares legally! Why isn't anyone hollering about that?
Leave the freakin' oil companies alone and if you don't like how they make money and how they manage that money, go into business for yourself and compete with them. Build a better mousetrap! Figure out a better way to get from one place to another without using their products. Stop complaining! For God's sake, stop bellyaching! And don't pay any attention to what these crooked politicians are saying about how rich corporations should be spending their money. Good grief. Congress has no business criticizing any organization about how their money is spent. Congress is the most corrupt organization out there.
Thanks for letting me vent.
Cathy
WOW!!! You Go Girl!!! Great Job Sister!!!
Well said, Cathy.
As a small business owner before I retired, I couldn't agree with you more. It is truly astounding that people have forgotten that oil companies don't build the cars that get such lousy gas mileage. Not only that, but these same people do not realize the great number of byproducts of petroleum. PLASTICS, for example. What would we have if we didn't have plastics? No cars for one thing and practically everything else we take for granted today. Also, from what I have read, the US oil companies are actually small potatoes. Why? Because 16 other companies (governments) have a greater pool of proven oil resources. In other words, they also probably produce more of their own domestic oil than we do. Who is to blame? Why, the good old Democrats, of course.
Good on you, anyway.
A big pat on the back for Bob Jack.
Oh yeah, I forgot to mention this.... I plan on buying one of the new SUVs next January when the prices really drop. I could care less about how much the gasoline costs. I just factor it in to my budget and if I need to, I'll throw the wicked television along with the costly programming out in the yard and read more books instead. Maybe I'll apply for a job with an oil company.
Here is a way to decrease the profits of BIG OIL....and bring down the price of a barrel of oil.
STOP MAKING USELESS CRAP OUT OF PLASTIC.
All plastics are made from petroleum. Just walk through Toys Are Us, or Spencer's, and witness how much useless crap there is...that is made from plastic....not to mention the millions of plastic water bottles, Coke and Pepsi bottles used every day, and half the parts on your automobile.
Millions of barrels of oil a day to produce all that crap.
It's time to tighten controls on companies who manufacture goods out of plastic. The American people need to stop buying so many goods made from plastic, and boycott companies who don't cut back on their use of plastics.
Some people want what you consider crap. What if there is something you like and someone thinks it shouldn't be made anymore? Just let capitalism work. We don't need anymore control freaks of the Al Gore type. Thanks, but no thanks!
Brian......
It's Capitalism that brought us to where we are today. Obviously...it doesn't work for the good of all. It's driven by greed. Capitalism will ultimately be the downfall of the entire world.
Nothing on this planet has any true value....except what man attaches to it, and the resources of the Earth belong to all humanity....not just a few.
the more we part the closer we get to nowhere
the more we part the closer we get to nowhere
And one more thing.... I only buy American made cars.... General Motors, Chryslers and Fords. When I lived in Germany, I drove a BMW and a VW. (When in Rome...) Our country is on the ropes financially because people have not been supporting American businesses, especially the big three automakers. How many of you have considered the real cost to the American families who work in the auto manufacturing industry and all the associated support businesses, repair parts, etc, when you buy a foreign manufactured car? People are paying hundreds of dollars a month for cars that are not being built by American workers. Those Americans are losing their jobs and their homes and our economy is hurt by that. When you spend a dollar, you are voting with your pocketbook. When I told my daughter that, she stopped buying trash music CDs that glorified abusing women and shooting police officers and otherwise inciting listeners to violent behavior, music that insults the ear with pornographic and filthy language. Your money means something. Spend it on goods and services manufactured by people and companies you want to support and encourage to stay in business and on items that are well made and give you a good value for your money. Don't be stupid, be wise consumers and support the country we live in. America First!
The true stories I could tell about American auto workers. They are the main reason cars cost what they do, too much.
Delivering to a GM plant; guy won't unload me because its not his set of doors that he unloads from. Says, "It's the other guys door to unload he just drove out on his lift", as he sits on his forklift telling me, "union rules" He told me he was making $29.83 per hour. Total B.S.!!!
how about the overpaid ceo's? they don't drive up cost?
ain't that the truth! I say get rid of the overpaid ceos, that'll really boost profits!
i agree .. the ceo's are paid $400 + to every $1 for the line worker . and that's totally unfair , for every year that they work , you, the line worker has to work 400 years . come on ,, nothing a ceo does can warrant that . unless of course that is your an investor that is being extremely over compensated for their investment ? its the same old story/concept that it takes money to make money gone awry .as a result of deregulation which has led to corrupt business accounting . ENRON less than a decade after S&L !!! Jesus Christ , did no one read the writing on the wall ? welcome to texas Politics 101 . and thank you mr and mrs taxpayer for your adoption of and continued support for what we locals ,like to call around here them good old politics (GOP) were us texas oil man gets rich and you all others get to wallow in our ditch.
To a bank account oversea.
they complain that oil exploration is to expensive and that they would not see the revenue from getting more oil.so use the money for alternative methods.buy huge tracts of land and explore biofuels.they still make money and we have other fuels.some of those billions could be used to help the economy and still make them money.
I spent 18 years drilling oil wells offshore Califirnia and I know for a fact and I've been trying to tell people for years that the US has plenty of oil everything you are being told by the media and politicians, except Ron Paul, are lies.
THE BEST ADVICE I CAN GIVE TO THOSE WITH EARS is to google the name LINDSEY WILLIAMS and patiently watch his videos, take notes. He repeats himself a lot but bear through it, because it is the truth and everyone needs to know about it.
Approximatly 2 months ago Lindsey's life was threatened as well as his family's. He was ordered to delete much of the information in his books and videos but as of yesterday it was all still there from google and youtube. Very important to the people of the U.S. is his latest interview with Alex Jones, OIL IS GOING TO DROP TO $50 DOLLARS PER BARREL VERY SOON. This sounds great but it definatly is not. This will render the U.S. Dollar virtually worthless and cause the worst economic downfall in our history. Millions of people will starve to death as we diminish to a third world country. It will take many years to recover. Be prepared, we could change these things if enough people new the truth and were ready to put their lives on the line by taking action immediatly, but there's not.
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